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Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a potent activator of the immune response system in-vivo
- UC Berkeley Publication.
Scientists demonstrate for the first time that DIM modulates four key
cytokines in-vivo:
Interferon-Gamma (IFN-G), Granulocyte
Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF),
Interlukin-12 (IL-12),
and
Interlukin-6 (IL-6).
IFN-G is responsible for the entire immune
response system. G-CSF is responsible for White Blood
Cell production in the body. IL-6 is responsible for the body's direct
anti-bacterial response. IL-12 stimulates the growth and function of T-Cells
which help to fight off pathogens. This key publication marks the birth of a global
effort to study DIM as a potent natural therapeutic for most forms of
cancer, most viral infections and most bacterial infections. A new paradigm
in medicinal nutrition is born and Brassica vegetables are officially
recognized as potent medicinal plants. This study also for the first time
demonstrates DIM's potent in-vivo anti-viral activity, solving a biomedical
mystery regarding its efficacy against RRP tumors and its status in Phase III clinical trials for Cervical Dysplasia at the
same dosage present within
ActivaMune. According to Dr. Gary Firestone,
Director of the National Institutes of Health Cancer Research Program and
co-author of the study at UC Berkeley, "This study shows that there is a whole new universe
of cancer regulation related to DIM....there are no other agents
known that can both directly shut down the growth of cancer cells and
enhance the function of the immune system at the same time."
3,3′-Diindolylmethane stimulates murine immune
function in vitro and in vivo, Xue
L, Pestka J, Maoxiang L, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF, Journal of
Nutritional Biochemistry, published
online, 8-20-07. Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology,
University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3104, USA.
Diindolylmethane (DIM)
activates and potentiates interferon-gamma signalling in human cells - UC
Berkeley Publication.
Activation and potentiation of
interferon-gamma signaling by 3,3'-diindolylmethane in MCF-7 breast cancer
cells.
Molecular Pharmacology. 2006 Feb;69(2):430-9.
Riby JE, Xue L, Chatterji U, Bjeldanes EL, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF.
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California,
Berkeley, 94720-3104, USA.
Diindolylmethane (DIM) stimulates Interferon-Gamma gene expression in human cells - UC Berkeley
Publication.
DIM stimulates IFNgamma gene expression in
human breast cancer cells via the specific activation of JNK and p38
pathways.
Xue L,
Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Department of Nutritional Sciences and
Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA
94720-3104, USA. Oncogene. 2005 Mar 31;24(14):2343-53.
Diindolylmethane (DIM) supplementation in humans increases the 2-hydroxylation of estrogen
metabolites - UC Berkeley
Publication. As 2-hydroxylation of estrogen metabolites is a
process that scientists believe
helps to reduce the risk of breast and prostate cancer, this human clinical
study on DIM's effect on estrogen metabolites made headline news world-wide and added to the
popularity of DIM as a nutritional supplement. Pilot study: effect of
3,3'-diindolylmethane supplements on urinary hormone metabolites in
postmenopausal women with a history of early-stage breast cancer.
Journal of
Nutrition and Cancer. 2004;50(2):161-7. Dalessandri KM,
Firestone GL, Fitch MD, Bradlow HL, Bjeldanes LF Department of
Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3200,
USA.
Biomedical researchers in
Europe and the United States, after studying over 10,000 women, confirm that
2-hydroxylation of estrogen metabolites reduces the risk of breast
cancer. Estrogen metabolism
and risk of Breast cancer: A prospective study of the 2:16α-hydroxyestrone
ratio in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Epidemiology, 2000, vol. 11, no6,
pp. 635-640 Muti P, Bradlow HL, Micheli A, Krogh V, Freudenheim JL,
Schunemann HJ, Stanulla M, Jun Y, Sepkovic DW, Trevisan M, Berrino F.
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, State
University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA, Epidemiology Division
of the National Cancer Intitute (Istituto Nazionale Tumori), Milan, Italy,
Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover,
Germany.
Diindolylmethane (DIM) reduces the growth of breast cancer cells by 95% - Berkeley BioSciences
Inc. News Release. DIM was orally administered at a 2x concentration of
its current suggested human daily dosage within ActivaMune to rats that had
DMBA-induced mammary tumors. The concentration was measured on a milligram
per kilogram of body weight basis. The development of tumors in rats that
consumed DIM on a daily basis was reduced by 95% relative to control rats
that were not fed DIM. As immune activation plays an important role in the
control of tumor growth, scientists at Berkeley BioSciences believe that
this mode of action by DIM was partially responsible for the impressive
results. DIM has been shown to have other molecular modes of action that
also inhibit cancer growth, such as promoting apoptosis--automatic cell
death natural to normal cells and non-existent in cancerous cells.
Diindolylmethane (DIM) acts synergistically with the
most widely used cancer drug Paclitaxel (Taxol) - Thomas Jefferson
University Publication. Clinical investigators at the Jefferson Medical
College have demonstrated that DIM synergizes with the number one selling
cancer drug worldwide, Paclitaxel (Taxol)--a phytochemical extracted from
the Pacific Yew Tree. Their paper was published in the Journal of Surgical
Research: 3,3′-Diindolylmethane and Paclitaxel Act Synergistically to
Promote Apoptosis in HER2/Neu Human Breast Cancer Cells. Journal of
Surgical Research, 2006
May 15;132(2):208-13.
K. McGuire, N. Ngoubilly, M. Neavyn,
S. Lanza-Jacoby Department of Surgery, Jefferson Medical
College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
Diindolylmethane (DIM) stops the growth of prostate cancer cells - UC Berkeley Publication
and News Release. This study made headlines around the world. UC
Berkeley publishes a special news release regarding this seminal study.
Click
here for the UC Berkeley Press Release on this Publication.
Plant-derived
3,3'-Diindolylmethane is a strong androgen antagonist in human prostate
cancer cells.
Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2003
June 6;278(23);21136-45. Le HT, Schaldach CM, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF.
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720-3104, USA.
Biomedical scientists find that cruciferous vegetable intake reduces
the risk of late stage prostate cancer by up to 52%.
Prospective Study of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk
of Prostate Cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute.
2007 Jul 24; (Epub ahead of print) Krish VA,
Peters U, Mayne ST, Subar AF, Chatterjee N, Johnson CC, Hayes RB.
Click
here for the BBC Report covering this publication.
Biomedical investigators publish their findings linking high Brassica
vegetable consumption with a 40% reduction in the risk of breast cancer
development.
Brassica Vegetables and Breast Cancer Risk. Terry P,
Wolk A, Persson I, Magnusson C, (2001). JAMA 285 (23): 2975-2976.
Diindolylmethane (DIM) induces a G-1 cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells - UC
Berkeley Publication. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) induces a G(1) cell
cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells that is accompanied by
Sp1-mediated activation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression. Hong C, Kim HA,
Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Carcinogenesis. 2002
Aug;23(8):1297-305. Department of Nutritional Sciences and
Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Recurrent Respiratory
Papillomatosis patients throughout the world report improved conditions with
Diindolylmethane (DIM) supplementation. Some patients report complete regression of the disease
upon DIM supplementation in conjunction with other therapies. RRP is
caused by the Human Papilloma Virus. It is believed that DIM's immune
modulating effects is the primary mode of action that effects this illness.
Ongoing announcements by the Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Foundation.
Phase 3 clinical trials of Diindolylmethane (DIM) as a treatment for Cervical Dysplasia
is
announced by the Downtown New York Hospital in collaboration with the NYU School of
Medicine.
Cervical Dysplasia is
a precancerous condition caused by the Human Papilloma Virus. This announcement confirms success in Phase 2 clinical trials of DIM at
dietary levels in treating Cervical Dysplasia in patients who took the
supplement. September 13, 2005, New York Hospital announcement through the
Clinical Trials Bulletin of the National Institutes of Health.
Broccoli sprouts found to boost
the body's ability to eliminate cancer causing
toxins in human study - Johns
Hopkins School of Medicine press release.
A
human trial conducted in China shows that broccoli sprouts rich in
Sulforaphane can help the body detoxify carcinogens, which may reduce the
risk of developing liver and other types of cancer.
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 2005 Nov. 14
:2605-13. Effects of glucosinolate-rich broccoli sprouts on
urinary levels of aflatoxin-DNA adducts and phenanthrene tetraols in a
randomized clinical trial in He Zuo township, Qidong, People's Republic of
China. Talalay P, Fahey JW. Department of Environmental Health Sciences,
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Room E7541, 615
North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
US medical researchers publish findings linking Calcium and Vitamin D3
intakes with up to a 77% reduction in cancer risk relative to placebo
controls.
Vitamin D and Calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a
randomized trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2007
Jun:85(6): 1586-91. Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, Recker RR,
Heaney RP.
Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE
68131, USA.
Molecular biologists publish findings that Vitamin D3 boosts the
immune system by promoting the production of
cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides. Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene
is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in
myeloid cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. FASEB J. 2005
Jul;19(9):1067-77. Gombart AF, Borregaard N, Koeffler HP. Department of
Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
Biomedical investigators discover that selenium inhibits survivin
expression. Survivin is a protein over-expressed in cancer cells that is in
part responsible for its neoplastic activities and scientists now believe
that selenium's inhibition of survivin in part explains its potent
anti-cancer properties. Selenium inhibition
of survivin expression by preventing Sp1 binding to its promoter. Chun
JY, Hu Y, Pinder E, Wu J, Li F, Gao AC, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.
2007 Sep;6(9):2572-80.
Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm
and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Scientists discover that selenium blocks
NFkB activity. NFkB is an established anti-cancer target as it inhibits
apoptosis and promotes inflammation. High selenium reduces NF-kappaB-regulated
gene expression in uninduced human prostate cancer cells. Christensen MJ,
Nartey ET, Hada AL, Legg RL, Barzee BR, Journal of Nutrition and Cancer,
2007;58(2):197-204.
Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham
Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
United States Department of Agriculture publishes a
review of selenium as an anticancer nutrient. Selenium as an anticancer
nutrient: roles in cell proliferation and tumor cell invasion. Zeng H,
Combs GF Jr., 2007 Jun 22, Journal of
Nutritional Biochemistry. United States
Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human
Nutrition Research Center, P.O. Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA.
Researchers at Johns
Hopkins determine that women with low serum selenium and total carotenoids
have higher mortality rates--a publication of the Women's Health and Aging
Studies. Journal of Nutrition. 2006 Jan;136(1):172-6.
Ray AL, Semba RD, Walston J., Ferrucci L, Cappola AR, Ricks MO, Xue QL,
Fried LP. The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Researchers at the German Institute of Human
Nutrition determine that
the
association of decreased cancer risk with intake of cruciferous vegetables
and selenium is stronger than that reported for fruits and vegetables in
general. From dietary antioxidants
to regulators in cellular signaling and gene regulation: Sulforaphane and
selenium, partners in adaptive response and prevention of cancer.
Free Radical Research.
2006 Aug;40(8):775-87. Brigelius-Flohe R., Banning A. German
Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114
- 116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
Researchers in the UK
demonstrate that selenium and sulforaphane synergize in their antioxidative
activity.
Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction
of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational
modulation.
Carcinogenesis, 2003
Mar;24(3):497-503. Nutrition Division,
Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
Zhang J, Svehikova V., Bao Y, Howie AF, Beckett GJ, Williamson G.
Click
here for the BBC Report covering this publication.
Landmark
nutrition study shows that a combined diet of broccoli and tomatoes has a
more pronounced inhibitory effect on prostate cancer cells than a leading drug for
prostate cancer.
Combinations of Tomato and Broccoli Enhance
Antitumor Activity in Dunning R3327-H Prostate Adenocarcinomas. Canene-Adams
K, Lindshield B, Wang S, Jeffery E, Clinton S, Erdman J.,
Cancer Research 2007; 67: (2). January 15,
2007
Groundbreaking clinical trial demonstrates that selenium supplementation can
help suppress the HIV virus and support the immune system. Suppression of human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load with selenium supplementation: a
randomized controlled trial. Archives
of Internal Medicine.
2007 Jan 22;167(2):148-54. Hurwitz BE, Klaus JR, Lllabre MM, Gonzalez A,
Lawrence PJ, Maher KJ, Greenson JM, Baum MK, Shor-Posner G, Skyler JS,
Schneiderman N.
Biomedical investigators
publish their findings about selenium and a lower risk of prostate cancer.
Study of prediagnostic selenium level in
toenails and the risk of advanced prostate cancer.
Yoshizawa K, Willett WC, Morris SJ, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst.
1998;90(16):1219-1224.
Scientists at the University
of California, San Diego publish findings regarding selenium's immune
enhancing properties. Selenium in the maintenance and
therapy of HIV-infected patients. Chemical and Biological Interactions.
1994 Jun;91(2-3):199-205.
Schrauzer GN, Sacher J. University of California, San Diego,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, La Jolla 92093.
Seminal epidemiology study conducted by researchers at the
Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary establishes a direct link between higher
intakes of Lutein and Zeaxanthin and a decreased risk of macular
degeneration--the leading cause of irreversible blindness among adults.
Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular
degeneration. Eye Disease Case-Control Study Group. Journal of the
American Medical Association.1994 Nov 9;272(18):1413-20.
Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, Hiller R, Blair N, Burton TC, Farber MD,
Gragoudas ES, Haller J., Miller DT. Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts
Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114.
British biomedical researchers
report that supplementation with the carotenoids Lutein or Zeaxanthin
improves human visual performance. Study Title: supplementation with the
carotenoids lutein or zeaxanthin improves human visual performance. Ophthalmic & Physiological
Optics. Kvansakul J, Rodriguez-Carmona M., Edgar DF, Barker FM, Kapcke W.,
Schalch W., Barbur JL. Applied Vision Research Centre, Department of
Optometry and Visual Science, City University, London, UK.
Canadian biomedical researchers announce
epidemiological evidence linking increased Lycopene intake to the reduction
of oxidative stress and multiple chronic diseases. Lycopene.
Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 2006;51:99-164. Rao
AV, Ray MR, Rao LG, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Researchers at Tufts University
publish the relationship between Vitamin E intake and enhanced immune
function in nursing home residents.
Vitamin E and immune
response in the aged: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.
Immonology Reviews. 2005 June;205:269-84. Meydani SN, Han SN, Wu D.
Nutritional Immunology
Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at
Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Dietary component in broccoli kills bacteria that cause ulcers and stomach
cancer - Johns Hopkins School of Medicine News
Release. A bacterium responsible for the vast majority of
stomach cancers, a leading cause of cancer
death worldwide, and ulcers may
have met its match, scientists from Johns Hopkins and the French National
Scientific Research Center report in the May 21 online edition of the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The research team
discovered that sulforaphane, a compound found in broccoli and broccoli
sprouts, kills the bacterium in laboratory studies. Sulforaphane inhibits
extracellular, intracellular, and antibiotic-resistant strains of
Helicobacter pylori and prevents benzo[a]pyrene-induced stomach tumors.
2002 May 28;99(11):7610-5. Proclamation of the National Academy of Sciences.
Fahey JW, Haristoy X, Dolan PM, Kensler TW,
Sholtus I, Stephenson KK, Talalay P, Lozniewski A. Lewis B. and Dorothy
Cullman Cancer Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology and
Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725
North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA.
Dr.
Leonard Bjeldanes and Dr. Gary Firestone of UC Berkeley publish an important
study elucidating the molecular biology of Diindolylmethane (DIM).
Cytostatic effects of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human endometrial cancer
cells result from an estrogen receptor-mediated increase in transforming
growth factor-alpha expression. Carcinogenesis.
2001 Nov;22(11):1809-17. Leong H, Firestone, GL, Bjeldanes LF.
Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of
California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
